{"id":1152,"date":"2014-01-28T11:55:06","date_gmt":"2014-01-28T10:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mj2artesanos.es\/blog\/?p=1152"},"modified":"2025-09-23T13:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T12:27:38","slug":"los-origenes-de-la-escritura-ii-la-escritura-cuneiforme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mj2artesanos.es\/blog\/los-origenes-de-la-escritura-ii-la-escritura-cuneiforme\/","title":{"rendered":"Los or\u00edgenes de la escritura II. La escritura cuneiforme."},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uno de los tipos de escritura m\u00e1s antiguos que se conocen es la escritura cuneiforme. Aunque los pictogramas sumerios datan de finales del cuarto milenio a.C estos se consideran protoescritura, puesto que transmit\u00edan informaci\u00f3n mediante s\u00edmbolos pero sin una estructura ling\u00fc\u00edstica. La escritura cuneiforme como tal queda fijada alrededor del 2800 a.C.<\/p>\n

\"esquina<\/a><\/p>\n

El t\u00e9rmino cuneiforme proviene del lat\u00edn \u00abcuneus\u00bb, que significa cu\u00f1a, ya que consist\u00eda en marcar una tablilla de arcilla vali\u00e9ndose de una ca\u00f1a biselada en forma de cu\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

Los primeros registros de escritura eran puramente pictogr\u00e1ficos. Representaban la imagen de lo que quer\u00edan describir por imitaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica y generalmente se trataba de documentos econ\u00f3micos para el recuento de existencias y otras tareas ordinarias, o administrativos.<\/p>\n

\"esquina2<\/a>Durante esta \u00e9poca, se representaban ideogramas y n\u00fameros sin reglas establecidas.<\/p>\n

A medida que fue necesaria la expresi\u00f3n de ideas, los signos evolucionaron de una representaci\u00f3n directa de los objetos, a combinaciones de s\u00edmbolos. M\u00e1s adelante a la representaci\u00f3n sil\u00e1bica.<\/p>\n

Se produjeron con el tiempo otras modificaciones, como la alineaci\u00f3n y la escritura de izquierda a derecha. Tambi\u00e9n la rotaci\u00f3n de 90\u00ba, posiblemente para facilitar la escritura. Los s\u00edmbolos van cambiando desde sus or\u00edgenes pictogr\u00e1ficos hasta otros m\u00e1s abstractos, y f\u00e1ciles de representar, mediante muescas hechas con la cu\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

En la siguiente imagen de la Universidad de Cantabria<\/a> pod\u00e9is ver ejemplos de la evoluci\u00f3n de algunas palabras.<\/p>\n

\"evolucion-escritura-cuneiforme\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La tablilla que os presentamos es, de nuevo, nuestra reproducci\u00f3n de uno de los objetos de la colecci\u00f3n del Museo Brit\u00e1nico<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"cerca<\/a><\/p>\n

Es un ejemplo de la protoescritura, la forma mas temprana de escritura, uno de los primeros registros conservados, en la que se mezclan a\u00fan pictogramas con s\u00edmbolos m\u00e1s abstractos. Se observa que todav\u00eda no se segu\u00edan reglas fijadas en cuanto a disposici\u00f3n y rotaci\u00f3n de los signos.<\/p>\n

\"cerca2<\/a><\/p>\n

Su origen probable es el sur de Iraq, y data de entre 3100 y 3000 a.C.<\/p>\n

En este caso se dej\u00f3 registro en ella el reparto diario de cerveza.<\/p>\n

El s\u00edmbolo de la cerveza, un frasco en posici\u00f3n vertical con la base puntiaguda , aparece tres veces en la tableta. La cerveza era la bebida m\u00e1s popular en Mesopotamia y se racionaba entre los trabajadores.<\/p>\n

En cuanto a los s\u00edmbolos num\u00e9ricos, tambi\u00e9n se observa una representaci\u00f3n arcaica, y el sistema de numeraci\u00f3n (distinto para seg\u00fan que tipo de objetos a contabilizar) es tan curioso que os recomiendo que le\u00e1is este art\u00edculo<\/a>, si os interesa profundizar en el tema.\u00a0Esta tablilla tiene\u00a0la particularidad de tener \u00a0una muesca oblicua en los s\u00edmbolos dedicados a la numeraci\u00f3n, lo que quiere decir que se est\u00e1n refiriendo al grano de malta.<\/p>\n

Nuestra r\u00e9plica est\u00e1 hecha en resina, con peana de madera y soporte vertical,para tenerla en exposici\u00f3n, puesto que est\u00e1 grabada por ambas caras.<\/p>\n

\"entera<\/a><\/p>\n

\"entera2<\/a><\/p>\n

Est\u00e1 a vuestra disposici\u00f3n en nuestra tienda.<\/a><\/p>\n

Actualizaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

Hemos modelado una nueva versi\u00f3n, m\u00e1s gruesa, como la original. Se vende sin peana. Si est\u00e1s interesado en la versi\u00f3n antigua, o en poner una peana a la versi\u00f3n nueva, cons\u00faltanos.\"tablilla<\/a>\"tablilla<\/a>\"tablilla<\/a>\"tablilla<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los or\u00edgenes de la escritura, la escritura cuneiforme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[122,1],"tags":[283,125,285,286,230,284],"class_list":["post-1152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arqueologia-e-historia","category-replicas","tag-cuneiforme","tag-mesopotamia","tag-protoescritura","tag-simbolos-pictograficos","tag-sumeria","tag-tablilla"],"yoast_head":"\nlos or\u00edgenes de la escritura<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uno de los tipos de escritura m\u00e1s antiguos que se conocen es la escritura cuneiforme. 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